independent, adjective

Origin:
EnglishShow more Special sense of general English independent autonomous.
historical
Of or pertaining to any of four ethnically-based territories within South Africa which were granted self-government in terms of the policy of separate development. Often in the special collocation independent Black state, independent state. See also homeland sense 1, TBVC. Cf. self-governing.
Note:
The former ‘independent’ states of Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei were not recognized by the international community, and were viable only because of substantial monetary support from South Africa. They were reincorporated in 1994.
1963 Annual Register: Rec. of World Events 1962 314A series of ‘independent’ Bantu ‘homelands’, where each ethnic group would have a vote.
1973 Daily Dispatch 16 June 1The government’s plans for the so called consolidation of the homelands — the independent states envisaged by Dr. Verwoerd.
1978 Survey of Race Rel. (S.A.I.R.R.) 311Transkei was granted independence on 26 October 1976 and BophuthaTswana became an independent state on 6 December 1977. All other homelands have self-governing status.
1979 Survey of Race Rel. 1978 (S.A.I.R.R.) 265By 1978 Transkei and Bophuthatswana had become independent states in terms of SA legislation although they had not received international recognition.
1980 Survey of Race Rel. 1979 (S.A.I.R.R.) 305The Inkatha movement called on Africans in ‘independent’ homelands not to take out citizenship of those areas.
1982 P.W. Botha Keynote address 13 Sept. 5We have..formulated a policy for regional development in consultation with the independent Black states which are co-operating with us in this regard.
1984 L.N. Dywili in Drum Jan. 42I have been forced to leave my ‘independent country’ to come and lead a better life here in South Africa.
1987 Financial Mail 22 May 40Minister of State in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Linda Chalker reiterated her government’s policy of non-recognition of the ‘independent’ homelands.
1987 N. West in Sunday Times 1 Nov. 2Favouring a form of federation is..the inability of the homelands and independent black states to exist without South African support.
1988 Pace Dec. 12South Africa’s so-called independent black states..the legislative centerpiece of the bantustan policy.
1989 J. Hobbs Thoughts in Makeshift Mortuary 302Bophutatswana, one of the black areas promoted to ‘independent’ homelands that began to spread like patches of fungus on the map of South Africa after 1976.
Of or pertaining to any of four ethnically-based territories within South Africa which were granted self-government in terms of the policy of separate development. Often in the special collocation independent Black state, independent state.
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